Empirical equations for flexural residual strengths in concrete with low volumetric fractions of hook‐end steel fiber

The characterization of steel fiber concrete in a flexural test or tensile uniaxial requires greater control loading rate by the speed applied machine, to be able report more accurately behavior displacements crack openings micro-scale possible. In general, pre-dimensioning process, it is often discarded tests and main standards do not provide theoretical design recommendations concerning residual strengths fibrous concrete. Some empirical models literature attempt an approximation values, but they present dispersion results. This article proposes equations for predicting reinforced (SFRC), small volume fractions (approx. < 0.8%). Experimentally notched beams subjected three-point bending were collected, with matrix composed hook-end experimental presenting softening load-opening ratio curve crack. compared other found literature. results showed that maximum stress pullout model established satisfactory relationships stresses flexure. proposed strength presented lower variability around 10%, mean absolute percentage error 8%, usual had same material class results, proving viable alternative pre-design dosage optimization SFRC.